Orange River Mouth (Ramsar Site) - Northern Cape

The Orange River Mouth is a critically important ecological site located at the border of South Africa and Namibia, where the Orange River meets the Atlantic Ocean. Designated as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance in 1991, this estuary is one of the largest on South Africa’s west coast. It lies in the arid Northern Cape, near the town of Alexander Bay, and plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and supporting a range of wildlife.

Ecological Importance: The Orange River Mouth is a unique and vital wetland, home to a variety of habitats, including salt marshes, mudflats, reed beds, and tidal lagoons. The estuary provides a critical breeding and feeding ground for both resident and migratory bird species, making it a significant site for birdwatching and conservation. More than 60 bird species have been recorded here, and the estuary is particularly important for flamingos, pelicans, herons, and terns.

The Orange River Mouth supports a variety of aquatic life, including fish species like mullet and galjoen, which thrive in the estuarine environment. These waters also play a key role in sustaining local fisheries, supporting both commercial and subsistence activities. The estuary’s nutrient-rich waters support a high level of primary productivity, which in turn supports various trophic levels in the ecosystem.

Conservation Challenges: Despite its ecological significance, the Orange River Mouth has faced numerous environmental challenges. Upstream water extraction for agriculture, mining activities, and changes in river flow have significantly reduced the freshwater input into the estuary, leading to habitat degradation. As a result, the site was placed on the Montreux Record in 1995, a list of Ramsar sites experiencing negative ecological changes. Conservation efforts are underway to restore the health of the estuary by improving water management and reducing human impact.

Visitor Experience: The Orange River Mouth offers a tranquil and remote setting for nature lovers and birdwatchers. Visitors can explore the estuary by foot or boat and observe the diverse birdlife and aquatic species. The area is relatively undeveloped, offering a peaceful retreat for those looking to experience one of the Northern Cape’s most important natural wonders.

Contact Details:
Location: Near Alexander Bay, Northern Cape, South Africa
Nearest Town: Alexander Bay
Phone: Contact the Alexander Bay Tourism Office at +27 (0) 27 831 1111